Passage 4
　　Chemistry did not emerge as a science until after the scientific revolution in t he seventeenth century and then only rather slowly and laboriously. But chemical knowledge is as old as history, being almost entirely concerned with the practical arts of living. Cooking is essentially a chemical process; so is the melting of metals and the administration of drugs and potions. This basic chemical know ledge, which was applied in most cases as a rule of thumb, was nevertheless dependent on previous experiment. It also served to stimulate a fundamental curiosity about the processes themselves. New information was always being gained as artisans improved techniques to gain better results.The development of a scientific approach to chemistry was, however, hampered by several factors. The most serious problem was the vast range of material available and the consequent difficulty of organizing it into some system. In addition, there were social and intellectual difficulties, chemistry is nothing if not practical; those who practice it must use their hands, they must have a certain practical flair. Yet in many ancient civilizations, practical tasks were primarily the province of a slave population. The thinker or philosopher stood apart from this mundane world, where the practical arts appeared to lack any intellectual content or interest.The final problem for early chemical science was the element of secrecy. Experts in specific trades had developed their own techniques and guarded their knowledge to prevent others from stealing their livelihood. Another factor that contributed to secrecy was the esoteric nature of the knowledge of alchemists, who were trying to transform base metals into gold or were concerned with the hunt for t he elixir that would bestow the blessing of eternal life. In one sense, the second of these was the more serious impediment because the records of the chemical processes that early alchemists had discovered were often written down in symbolic language intelligible to very few or in symbols that were purposely obscure.
　　36. What is the passage mainly about? A The scientific revolution in the seventeenth centuryB Reasons that chemistry developed slowly as a scienceC The practical aspects of chemistryD Difficulties of organizing knowledge systematically
　　37. According to the passage, how did knowledge about chemical processes in crease before the seventeenth century?A Philosophers devised theories about chemical properties.B A special symbolic language was developed.C Experience led workers to revise their techniques.D Experts shared their discoveries with the public.

　　38. The word“hampered" in Line 1 Para 2 is closest in meaning to_____ . A recognizedB determinedC solvedD hindered

　　39. The word“it" in Line 3 Para 2 refers to which of the following? A problemB materialC difficultyD system

　　40. Which of the following statements best explains why“the second of the se was the more serious impediment" （Lines 5-6 Para 3 ）? A Chemical knowledge was limited to a small number of people.B The symbolic language used was very imprecise.C Very few new discoveries were made by alchemists.D The records of the chemical processes were not based on experiments.

　　Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

　　41. United States citizens are now enjoying better dental health, as shown by the declining _____of tooth decay.
　　A occurrence　　B treatment　　C consequence　　D misfortune

　　42. Since any answer was likely to cause embarrassment to his party, the politician tried to _____the question.
　　A evade 　　B delude　　C seclude　　D invade

　　43. Prof Robert Durig's reputation has been greatly _____by the success of his new published book“Living in the Paradise".
　　A heightenedB enlargedC multipliedD enhanced

　　44. The chair was a moveable wonder, he loved the feeling of power and strength it gave him for so little_____ .
　　A effortsB challengeC exertionD exchange

　　45. She was _____her brains to remember the man's time, but her bad mem ory failed her.
　　A hittingB beating C rackingD exhausting

　　46. He is trying to take out a _____for his newly designed airplane en gines.
　　A loanB precautionC patentD propaganda

　　47. The people put up their right hands to _____that they agree with th e speaker.
　　A signifyB attainC expressD undertake

　　48. Any electric products sold in this famous department store will be _____for one year.
　　A protectedB guaranteedC ensuredD assured

　　49. Reading became difficult for the old lady, so the optician _____her a pair of glasses to make her reading possible.
　　A subscribedB inscribedC prescribedD described

　　50. The family was too _____to evacuate the house when the flood began.
　　A obstinateB sturdyC determinedD optical

　　51. On this test-track, the makers deliberately _____standard producti on cars to rough treatment.
　　A undergo B subdue C subjectD treat

　　52. The applicants to American Universities will be judged without ______as to race, color, or breed.
　　A referenceB objectionC discriminationD specialty

　　53. After the long illness my mother was too ______to climb the steps.
　　A fatalB feebleC humbleD relaxed

　　54. The child was on the _____of tears when his mother asked him what had happened to him.
　　A vergeB borderC marginD rim

　　55. On the front page, he _____his book to his director, Mr. Johnson.
　　A dedicatedB presentedC devotedD offered

　　56. If you keep on taking on more work than you can do, your health will ______.
　　A degradeB degenerateC exhaustD deteriorate

　　57. What he is reading is a quarterly containing ____of doctoral theses in progress.
　　A abridgementsB outlinesC abstractsD synopses

　　58. A firm which dismisses an employee on the grounds of redundancy is obliged to _____him for loss of employment.
　　A compensateB compactC compelD compliment

　　59. Robert and Tom are not on speaking terms now after a quarrel last week. What can we do to bring about a _____between them?
　　A reservationB refreshmentC regimentD reconciliation

　　60. The group of dancers had rehearsed the dance until their movements we re absolutely _____.
　　A simultaneousB sensitiveC singularD figurative

　　61. There is no electricity in my apartment again. Has the_____ blow then?
　　A fuseB wireC plugD circuit

　　62. During the business intervals, customers appreciate the guesting room s which are full of pictures and other beautiful_____ .
　　A imitationsB illustrationsC ornamentsD implementations

　　63. His long and loyal service with the company was ______with a present from the president.
　　A admittedB acknowledgedC accomplishedD accepted

　　64. The psychiatrists were debating if the accused man was _____enough to stand trial.
　　A. sensibleB. rationalC. reasonableD. reciprocal

　　65. A good teacher must know how to his ideas to _____the students, as generally agreed by educational experts.
　　A displayB transmitC conveyD illuminate

　　66. The _____of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.
　　A implementationB expeditionC demonstrationD manifestation