1、名词、代词
2、动词的时态、语态
3、连接词、冠词
4、非谓语动词
5、虚拟语气
6、各类从句
7、强调句型
8、倒装句

语法单项题
句法
1、各类从句
2、强调句型
3、倒装句

动词
1、动词的时态、语态
2、非谓语动词
3、虚拟语气
句法基础知识 (P.45)
一、简单句 (完整句)
1、主语＋谓语（不及物动词）
2、主语＋谓语（系动词） ＋表语
3、主语＋谓语（及物动词） ＋宾语
4、主语＋谓语（及物动词） ＋双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）
5、主语＋谓语（及物动词） ＋复合宾语（宾语和宾语补足语）
二、并列句
and，but，not only… but also， so， for，or, nor
三、复合句
名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句
一、简单句 (完整句)
1. Slowly, throughout the 20th century, leisure time grew.
2. It hasn’t always been this way.
3. Changes in laws shortened the factory workday.
4. The school gives the children the tools to communicate.
5. Employers find it hard to lay workers off.

二、并列句
1. Think it over again, and you’ll find a way out.
2. Mary is fond of music, but Jim is crazy about sports.
3. Make up your mind, or you’ll miss the chance.
4. I have a class tonight, so I can’t go to the movie with you.
5. The doctor looked tired and sleepy, for he sat up all night with the patient.
* For he sat up all night with the patient the doctor looked tired and sleepy.(X)
三、复合句—名词性从句
关联词语:
What, that, whether, who, whom, when, where, why, how, whatever, whoever, whomever , whenever, wherever, whose, which, if
考点:
1. What和that的区别(P.71 第3题、 第15题)
2. whether和if的区别（ P.72 第22题）
3.介词+宾语从句的用法 (P.71 第9题)
4. Who、 whom、 whomever whoever的区别
(P.71 第10题)
Although there are many predictions about the future，no one knows for sure the world would be like in 50 years．（2004年25题）
A．how B．that C．which D．what
8. Undoubtedly, _______ wins the election is going to have a tough job getting the
economy back on its feet.（GCT 2003年）
A. anyone B. who　C. whoever D. everyone
三、复合句—定语从句
关联词语：
考点：
1．who，that，which在定语从句中做主语时不能省略。
2. That和which的区别
3. 关系代词和关系副词的区别
4. As的用法
1．who，that，which在定语从句中做主语时不能省略。
1. If the work by the end of this month is delayed，the construction company will be heavily fined．(2004年16题)
A. is completed
B. to be completed
C. will have been completed
D. will be completed

2. All of the plants now raised on farms have been developed from plants in the wild．(2004年21题)
A. once they grew
B. that once grew
C. they grew once
D.once grew
2. That和which的区别
That
1.仅用于限定性定语从句。
2.当先行词前有any，no，some，only，very，all，much，everything，anything，nothing等词修饰的时候，关系代词只能用that；有形容词和副词最高级的时候也只能用that。
3. 既可以指人也可以指物。

Which
1.既可用于限定性定语从句，也可用于非限定性定语从句。
2.当介词提到关系代词前时,只能用Which做关系代词。
3. 只能用来指物。
1. The symbols of mathematics _____ we are most familiar are the signs of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and equality. (2002年)
A. to which B. which C. with which D. in which
2. The parents were much kinder to their youngest child than they were to the others, _____, of course, made the others jealous.
(2003年)
A. which B. that C. what D. who
3. The only thing ______ really matters to the parents is how soon their children can return home. (2005年)
A. what B. that C. which D. this
4. The Mona Lisa,___ in Italy, is now in the Louvre, a museum in Paris.(GCT 2004年)
A. who painted
B. who was painted
C. which painted
D. which was painted
3. 关系代词和关系副词的区别
when，where，why引导的定语从句分别修饰表示时间（day，year，date做先行词）、地点（the place）、原因（the reason）的先行词，并且分别在从句中作时间、地点、原因状语。关系副词也可以根据其在句中的搭配关系，转换成介词加关系代词的结构。
1. I've never been to Beijing, but it's the place _____.
A．where I'd tike to visit
B．in which I'd like to visit
C．I most want to visit
D．that I want to visit it most

4. As的用法
as引导的非限定性定语从句，as充当主语或者宾语。as代替主句的句意而不代替某一个名词，则常常与know，see，point out，guess，report和expect等词连用。在the same… as和such…as的词组中只能用as，且不可以省略。
1. is often the case with a new idea，much initial activity and optimistic discussion produce no concrete proposal．(2004年19题)
A．It B．Which C．As D．That
2．Melted iron is poured into the mixer much _______ tea is poured into a cup from a teapot.
A．in the same way like
B．in the same way which
C．in the same way
D．in the same way as
三、复合句—状语从句
1、时间状语从句（before, after, as soon as, until, till, hardly…when, no sooner… than, when, while, the moment, the instant）
2、地点状语从句（where）
3、原因状语从句（because, in that, since, as）
4、目的状语从句（in order that; so that; for fear that; lest; in case）
5、结果状语从句（so…that; such…that; ）
6、条件状语从句（if, even if , unless, as long as, supposing that）
7、让步状语从句（though, although, even though, as, while, no matter what/when/how/where/who）
8、比较状语从句（more…than; as…as; the more…the more）
9、方式状语从句（as，as if ，as though

1. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting you don’t mind taking the night train.（2003年22题）
A．if B．unless C．though D．until
2. A baby might show fear of an unfamiliar adult， _____ he is likely to smile and reach out to another infant．（2002年7题）
A．if B．whenever C．so that D．whereas
３. pollution control measures tend to be money consuming，many industries hesitate to adopt them．(2004年18题)
A．Although B．However C．When D．Since
４. I was speaking to Ann on the phone about our tour plan suddenly we were cut off．(2004年27题)
A．that B．while C．before D．when
５. The ATMs enable bank customers to access their money 24 hours a day and seven days a week _____ ATMs are located.(GCT 2004年)
A. wherever B. whenever C. however D. whatever

倒装句
倒装语序有两类：全部倒装和部分倒装。
全部倒装:指谓语部分全部提到主语之前。
1.当there，here，then，now等副词置于句首，且谓语动词为come，go，be等词时，句子一般全部倒装。
Look! Here comes the taxi．
Here are some letters for you to type．
2．当out，in，away，up，bang等方位或拟声词置于句首时，句子一般全部倒装。此类倒装句比正常语序的句子更生动、形象。 Away flew the bird．

部分倒装:指谓语的一部分提到主语之前。
1．为避免句子部分内容重复，英语中常用倒装句，即：so (neither，nor) +be动词(助动词，情态动词)+主语。
My father is an engineer；so is my husband．
Jane didn't attend my class yesterday；nor did Torris．

2．具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时，句子一般部分倒装，即将be动词、助动词或
情态动词提到主语前。这类词或短语包括：not，never，seldom，hardly，rarely，scarcely，by no means，under no circumstances，in no way，at no time，no sooner．．．(than)，hardly……(when)，not only…(but also)等。
Never has my brother been abroad before，
Hardly had I sat down when l heard someone knocking at the door．

3．as或though引导的让步状语从句常用倒装。一般将一些形容词、副词等置于句首。
Prominent as he is in his field，he remains easygoing．
Wealthy as he is，I don't envy him．
4．当so，only等表示程度或频率的副词置于句首时，句子一般倒装。
So great was the destruction that the South took decades to recover．
Only in this way can we accomplish on time．
5. 虚拟语气的倒装
1. _______ will Mr. Forbes be able to regain control of the company.(2002年)
A. With hard work
B. As regards his hard work
C. Only if he works hard
D. Despite his hard work

2．Not until recent years a popular means of communication．(2004年)
A．e-mail became
B．e-mail has become
C．did e-mail become
D．will e-mail become

3. Scarcely ______ those words when suddenly the monster was transformed into a very handsome youth. (2005年)
A. had he uttered B. did he utter C. he had uttered D. he did utter

强调句型
1． It is … that…句
2． 谓语动词前用does, do, did表示强调
3． It was not until… that…强调句
15. ______ he realized it was already too late for us to return home.(2002年)
A. No sooner it grew dark when B. Hardly it grew dark when　C. It was not until dark that D. Scarcely it grew dark than
32. _______ that saw the trade between the two countries reach its highest point.(2003年)
A. During the 1990’s B. That is was in the 1990’s　C. It was in the 1990’s D. It was the 1990’s

动词相关语法
动词的分类
实义动词 ：及物动词
不及物动词
系动词：be (am, is are), look, become, turn,
go, sound, feel,…
助动词：助动词—be, do, have
情态助动词—must, can, may, will,
shall, should, could,
might, would, …

三、动词的时态语态
语态:
主动语态
被动语态: be+动词的过去分词
例:Such information can be easily
obtained by a determined hacker.

四、动词时态语态的考点归纳
1、完成式/进行式+被动语态
2、情态助动词（must, should）
must do; must have done
should have done 本该做的事没做
shouldn’t have done本不该做的事而做了

虚拟语气
一、过去时
1、It’s (high)time that …
It’s time that effective measures were taken to solve the problem of noise pollution in this area.
2、would/had rather (that)…
I’d rather you didn’t take so much money with you.
二、should+动词原形， should可以省略
1、连接词 lest，for fear that引起的虚拟从句
2、下列动词后“that”引导的宾语从句，如：suggest（建议），propose（提议），recommend（建议）等。
3、下列表示主张、要求、命令等概念的名词后面的“that”引导的同位语从句，这类词有：order，request，insistence，suggestion， command等。
4、下列表示主张、要求、命令、愿望、建议等概念的主语从句。
（1） it is（was， has been） desired（suggested， requested，ordered，proposed，decided）that…。
（2）It is necessary（ important，urgent，advisable，proper等） that…
三、虚拟条件句（非真实条件句 ）
1、if从句2、as if /as though
3、if only
4、otherwise
非谓语动词
一、不定式、现在分词、过去分词的区别
1、主动与被动的区别
过去分词：被动的；已完成的
2、做状语时的区别
不定式：通常只做目的状语和结果状语
3、做定语时的区别
4、做表语时的区别
二、不定式、动名词的区别