Passage 1

The flying fox is not a fox at all. It is an extra large bat that has got a fox’s head, and that feeds on fruit instead of insects. Like all bats, flying foxes hang themselves by their toes when at rest, and travel in great crowds when out flying. A group will live in one spot for years. Sometimes several hundreds of them occupy a single tree. As they return to the tree toward sunrise, they quarrel among themselves and fight for the best places until long after daylight.
Flying foxes have babies once a year, giving birth to only one at a time. At first the mother has to carry the baby on her breast wherever she goes. Later she leaves it hanging up, and brings back food for it to eat. Sometimes a baby bat falls down to the ground and squeaks（尖叫）for help. Then the older ones swoop（俯冲）down and try to pick it up. If they fail to do so, it will die. Often hundreds of dead baby bats can be found lying on the ground at the foot of a tree.
31. Which of the following statements is true?
A. There is no difference between the flying fox and the ordinary bat in their size.
B.There is no difference between the flying fox and the ordinary bat in their appea-rance.
C. There is no difference between the flying fox and the ordinary bat in the kind of food they eat.
D.There is no difference between the flying fox and the ordinary bat in the way they rest.
32.Flying foxes tend to ____.
A. double their number every year
B.fight and kill a lot of themselves
C. move from place to place constantly
D.lose a lot of their young
33. How do flying foxes care for their young?
A. They only care for their own babies.
B.They share the feeding of their young.
C. They help when a baby bat is in danger.
D.They often leave home and forget their young.

Passage 2

The impact of e-commerce is happening in phases. In its first phase (1994—1997), e-commerce was about presence: making sure that everybody had a Web site, meeting the demand that every company, large or small, get out there and have at least something on the Internet. People weren’t quite sure why they were doing it, but they knew that they had to have an online presence.
The second phase (1997—2000) of e-commerce was about transactions — buying and selling over digital media. The focus in this phase was on order flow and gross revenue. Some of that was the matching of buyers and sellers who would never have found each other in the past. Some of that was simply taking transactions that would have been done through paper purchase orders and saying that this business was done on the Internet, although the meaning of that change was quite insignificant. But in this phase, the announcements were all about order flow at any cost: why-sell-it-when-you-can-give-it-away business models. As a result, many of the first movers in this phase such as Value America, are either gasping, have gasped their last breath, or are flailing about in a sea of red ink.
Today, e-commerce is entering the third phase (2000-?), with a focus on how the Internet can impact profitability. And profitability is not about increasing gross revenues but rather increasing gross margins. We call this phase e-business, and it includes all the applications and processes enabling a company to service a business transaction. In addition to encompassing e-commerce, e-business includes both front- and back-office applications that form the core of engine for modern business. Thus, e-business is not just about e-commerce transactions or about buying and selling over the Web: it’s the overall strategy of redefining old business models, with the aid of technology, to maximize customer value and profits. To paraphrase Business Week: “Forget B2B and B2C, E-business is about P2P — path to profitability.”
34. Between 1994 and 1997, companies built their web sites mainly because they ____.
A. wanted to find more customers
B.had no other things to do
C. wanted to show their existence on Internet
D.felt the Internet was quite interesting
35. The phrase “the first movers” in paragraph 2 most probably means ____.
A. the first motivations for the companies to take e-commerce.
B.the earliest transformation of transactions from paper orders to e-commerce.
C. the first companies that have failed in the field of e-commerce.
D.the earliest companies that get involved in e-commerce.
36. The earliest e-commerce began in the year of ____.
A. 1994
B. 1997
C. 1999
D.2000
37. What does the last sentence in the passage most probably mean?
A. B2B and B2C are no longer suitable e-business models.
B.The aim of taking e-business is to earn more profit.
C. Ebusiness is by no means a good way of getting profit.
D.P2P is the most suitable e-business model.

Passage 3

For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies - and other creatures - learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it also used to be widely believed that effective reward, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的) “drives” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink of some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provide
D.He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on” a display of lights —and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble” when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
38. According to the author, babies learn to do things which ____.
A. are directly related to pleasure
B. will meet their physical needs
C. will bring them a feeling of success
D.will satisfy their curiosity
39. In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to ____.
A. have the lights turned on
B. be rewarded with milk
C. please their parents
D.be praised
40. The babies would “smile and bubble” at the lights because ____.
A. the lights were directly related to some basic “drives”
B.the sight of the lights was interesting
C. they need not turn back to watch the lights
D.they succeeded in “switching on” the lights